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Does self-reported hearing difficulty decrease older adults' cognitive and physical functioning? The mediating role

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-reported hearing difficulty (SHD) in older adults is linked to worse cognitive and physical function. Social isolation mediates the impact of SHD on cognitive decline, but not physical decline.

Keywords:
Cognitive impairmentOlder peoplePhysical disabilitySelf-reported hearing difficultySocial isolation

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Self-reported hearing difficulty (SHD) is prevalent in aging populations.
  • Hearing impairment is increasingly recognized as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia.
  • The role of social isolation as a mediator between SHD and functional decline requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between SHD and cognitive and physical functioning in older adults.
  • To determine if social isolation mediates the relationship between SHD and cognitive and physical functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort data from 16,786 older adults (≥65 years) in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were analyzed.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).
  • Physical functioning was measured by activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) was employed.

Main Results:

  • SHD was significantly associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment (OR=2.93), ADL disability (OR=2.10), and IADL disability (OR=2.39).
  • Social isolation mediated the association between SHD and cognitive functioning, explaining 12.3% of the variance in cognitive impairment.
  • SHD was positively associated with social isolation (OR=1.23), which in turn was associated with cognitive impairment (OR=2.09). The mediation effect was not significant for physical functioning.

Conclusions:

  • SHD is a significant risk factor for adverse cognitive and physical functioning in older adults.
  • Social isolation plays a crucial role in the pathway linking SHD to cognitive decline.
  • Interventions targeting hearing loss and social isolation may be important for maintaining cognitive health in aging populations.