Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Attraction IV: Reciprocity01:28

Factors Influencing Attraction IV: Reciprocity

141
Reciprocity in attraction is fundamental to social and romantic relationships, shaping how individuals form and maintain connections. The psychological principle underlying this phenomenon is that people tend to like those who express liking toward them. Balance theory supports this tendency, suggesting that mutual attraction fosters psychological harmony, whereas one-sided affection leads to discomfort and cognitive dissonance.The Psychological Mechanisms Behind ReciprocityWhen individuals...
141
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

14.6K
During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
14.6K
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

35.7K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
35.7K
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

3.6K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
3.6K
Equity Theory01:26

Equity Theory

147
Equity theory explains how our sense of fairness influences the dynamics of close relationships. Rooted in social psychology, the theory posits that individuals evaluate fairness by comparing the ratio of their contributions to the rewards they receive. Relationship satisfaction is highest when these ratios are perceived as balanced between partners, promoting mutual reciprocity and a sense of justice.Equity vs. Equality in RelationshipsEquity is distinct from equality. Fairness does not...
147
Relationship Formation02:12

Relationship Formation

45.0K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
45.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Incomplete reputation information and punishment in indirect reciprocity.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Threshold behavior of a social norm in response to error proneness.

Journal of theoretical biology·2025
Same author

Indirect reciprocity as a dynamics for weak balance.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Exact conditions for evolutionary stability in indirect reciprocity under noise.

PLoS computational biology·2025
Same author

Response of social norms to individual differences in error-proneness.

Journal of theoretical biology·2025
Same author

Costly punishment sustains indirect reciprocity under low defection detectability.

Journal of theoretical biology·2025
Same journal

Application of ephrin-B2 loaded glycol chitosan-silk fibroin hydrogel in the treatment of diabetic refractory wounds.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

International expert Delphi consensus on thromboprophylaxis in metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Assessing the cross-region knowledge transfer capability of selected deep learning building vectorization methods in the context of available training datasets.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Feasibility and preliminary effects of outdoor versus indoor cognitive-motor therapy in women with Alzheimer's disease: A randomized single-blind pilot study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Hallmarks of social action in the vocal turn-taking of wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Role and mechanism of AOPPs-induced NOX4-mediated ferroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

76.3K

Five rules for friendly rivalry in direct reciprocity.

Yohsuke Murase1, Seung Ki Baek2

  • 1RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|October 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New strategies for direct reciprocity, like CAPRI (cooperate, accept, punish, recover, defect otherwise), can act as both

More Related Videos

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats
15:01

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

Published on: January 18, 2013

15.8K
Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 6, 2025

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

76.3K
Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats
15:01

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

Published on: January 18, 2013

15.8K
Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary game theory
  • Social behavior and cooperation

Background:

  • Direct reciprocity is crucial for cooperation in social interactions.
  • Existing strategies are categorized as 'partners' (promoting mutual cooperation) or 'rivals' (preventing co-player advantage).
  • These strategies have distinct optimal conditions, with partners excelling in large populations and rivals in one-on-one encounters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the existence of strategies that combine characteristics of both 'partners' and 'rivals' in direct reciprocity.
  • To introduce and analyze a novel, human-interpretable strategy named CAPRI.
  • To evaluate the performance of CAPRI across diverse environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Exhaustive enumeration to identify strategies with dual 'partner' and 'rival' attributes.
  • Focus on the CAPRI strategy, defined by five core actions: cooperate, accept, punish, recover, and defect otherwise.
  • Evolutionary simulations to test CAPRI's performance and robustness.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the existence of strategies that effectively function as both partners and rivals.
  • The CAPRI strategy exhibits robust and excellent performance across a wide spectrum of environmental conditions.
  • CAPRI integrates cooperation, punishment, and recovery mechanisms for versatile application.

Conclusions:

  • Strategies capable of acting as both partners and rivals can emerge in direct reciprocity.
  • CAPRI represents a significant advancement, offering a versatile and effective strategy for promoting cooperation.
  • The findings suggest broader applicability of such hybrid strategies in complex social dynamics.