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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...

Enzyme Kinetics

Enzyme Kinetics

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...

Enzymes

Enzymes

Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...

Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics

Introduction to Enzyme Kinetics

Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of biochemical reactions. Scientists monitor the reaction rates for a particular enzymatic reaction at various substrate concentrations. Additional trials with inhibitors or other molecules that affect the reaction rate may also be performed.
The experimenter can then plot the initial reaction rate or velocity (Vo) of a given trial against the substrate concentration ([S]) to obtain a graph of the reaction properties. For many enzymatic reactions involving a...

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition

Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition

Published on: October 3, 2018

Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution by Addition of Oxygen.

Lucy A Harwood¹, Luet L Wong^2,3, Jeremy Robertson^1,3

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|October 10, 2020

Summary

Biocatalysis offers a powerful method for creating specific molecular structures through oxidative kinetic resolution. This review explores enzymes that insert oxygen, aiding in the synthesis of valuable compounds.

Keywords:

biocatalysis kinetic resolution oxidative enzymes total synthesis

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Last Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition

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Published on: October 3, 2018

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Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

Area of Science:

Biocatalysis
Organic Chemistry
Enzyme Engineering

Background:

Asymmetric catalysis is a traditional method for producing enantioenriched compounds.
Biocatalysis provides a complementary approach to asymmetric catalysis.
Oxidative enzymes are valuable for generating oxygenated structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To review enzymes that perform oxidative kinetic resolution.
To discuss advancements in enzyme development for biocatalysis.
To highlight applications of enantioenriched intermediates in natural product synthesis.

Main Methods:

Focus on enzymes catalyzing oxygen atom insertion.
Include Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement, epoxidation, and hydroxylation reactions.
Review biological advancements and applications.

Main Results:

Oxidative enzymes enable kinetic resolution.
Key reactions include Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement, epoxidation, and hydroxylation.
Enantioenriched intermediates are valuable in synthesis.

Conclusions:

Biocatalysis using oxidative enzymes is effective for kinetic resolution.
Enzyme development has advanced the field.
These methods are crucial for natural product synthesis.