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Rat Bite Fever: The First Case Report from Qatar.

Mohamad Y Khatib¹, Moustafa S Elshafei¹, Dnyaneshwar P Mutkule¹

¹Department of Critical Care, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.

The American Journal of Case Reports

|October 10, 2020

Summary

Rat bite fever (RBF), a rare zoonotic disease, can be fatal. A previously healthy man recovered rapidly from severe RBF with multi-organ failure after penicillin G treatment.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Zoonotic Diseases
Microbiology

Background:

Rat bite fever (RBF) is a rare zoonotic disease with significant mortality if untreated.
Caused by bacteria transmitted from rodents, RBF requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Severe cases can lead to sepsis and multi-organ failure.

Observation:

A 37-year-old previously healthy male presented with acute gastroenteritis, sepsis, and multi-organ failure.
The patient was diagnosed with Rat bite fever caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis.
This case represents the first reported instance of RBF in Qatar.

Findings:

Successful treatment of severe RBF with multi-organ involvement was achieved using intravenous penicillin G.
The patient experienced a rapid recovery and was discharged within 10 days.
Intravenous penicillin G is an effective treatment for Streptobacillus moniliformis infections.

Implications:

Highlights the potential severity of Rat bite fever, even in previously healthy individuals.
Emphasizes the importance of considering RBF in the differential diagnosis of sepsis with multi-organ failure, especially after potential rodent exposure.
This case report contributes to the limited global literature on RBF and its management, particularly from the Middle East region.