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Related Concept Videos

Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development of Simplified CRISPR-Based Tests for Rapid Detection of Infectious Diseases
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COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development.

Tarik Asselah1, David Durantel2, Eric Pasmant3

  • 1Université de Paris, CRI, INSERM UMR 1149, Department of Hepatology, AP-HP Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France.

Journal of Hepatology
|October 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic originated in Wuhan. This review covers SARS-CoV-2 discovery, virology, diagnostics, and drug development efforts for COVID-19.

Keywords:
CoronavirusDrug repurposingPathogenesisRemdesivirSARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a pandemic in 2019.
  • The causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a novel coronavirus with a suspected zoonotic origin.
  • SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family, known for infecting various vertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and virology of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To discuss diagnostic tools for identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.
  • To summarize ongoing drug discovery and development efforts for potential treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on SARS-CoV-2.
  • Analysis of viral sequencing data and origins.
  • Examination of diagnostic methodologies and clinical trial outcomes.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 sequencing facilitated rapid development of diagnostic and serological tests.
  • COVID-19 mortality is linked to factors like age, obesity, and hypertension, often involving acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to cytokine storms.
  • Current treatments like remdesivir and dexamethasone show modest effects; further antiviral development is ongoing.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 virology is key to developing targeted antivirals.
  • Vaccine development remains a critical long-term strategy for pandemic control.
  • Continued research into diagnostics and therapeutics is essential for managing COVID-19.