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Application of chain-based sponge dressing for gunshot wounds in the groin
Weijin Yang1, Junchuan Song1, Yuewen Zhu1
1Department of General Surgery, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, China; Department of General Surgery, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, China.
Insights
Chain-based sponge dressing (CSD) significantly reduced hemorrhage time and improved survival rates in a gunshot wound model. This novel dressing offers a promising solution for junctional hemorrhage, demonstrating 100% efficacy in preliminary studies.
Area of Science:
- Trauma and emergency medicine
- Surgical hemostasis
- Wound management
Background:
- Junctional hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in conflict zones, surpassing extremity hemorrhage.
- Rapid and effective hemorrhage control is critical in battlefield medicine.
- The development of advanced hemostatic agents is crucial for improving survival rates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of chain-based sponge dressing (CSD) in controlling junctional hemorrhage.
- To compare the hemostatic performance of CSD against standard gauze in a severe bleeding model.
Main Methods:
- A gunshot wound model of the femoral artery was created in Bama miniature pigs.
- Animals were treated with either CSD or standard gauze (SG) for hemostasis.
- Hemostasis time, success rate, survival time, and secondary damage were compared between groups.
Main Results:
- CSD achieved hemostasis significantly faster (38.75 s) than SG (630.75 s).
- CSD demonstrated a 100% hemostasis success rate, compared to 25% for SG.
- Survival time was significantly longer in the CSD group (120 min) versus the SG group (62.25 min).
- No secondary damage was observed with CSD application.
Conclusions:
- CSD is highly effective in achieving rapid hemostasis for junctional hemorrhage in a gunshot wound model.
- CSD shows potential as a life-saving intervention for penetrating trauma with junctional bleeding.
- Further clinical research is warranted to confirm the utility of CSD in human patients.
Background:
With the application of limb tourniquet, junctional hemorrhage has outstripped extremity hemorrhage as the leading cause of death during recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. We used a gunshot wound femoral artery bleeding model to verify the effect of chain-based sponge dressing (CSD).
Methods:
We used a rifle to shoot the femoral artery of female Bama miniature pigs to achieve a gunshot wound model. Pigs were immediately subjected to CSD (n = 4) or standard gauze (SG; n = 4) to achieve hemostasis. We compared outcomes between the CSD and SG groups.
Results:
There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups. The average hemorrhage time was 38.75 ± 9.29 s after CSD and 630.75 ± 169.46 s after SG (p < 0.05). The success rate in the CSD group was 100% (4/4), while the success rate in the SG group was 25% (1/4). The survival time of the CSD group (120 min) was significantly longer compared with the SG group (62.25 min; p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the average time for removal of the hemostatic material between the two groups. One week after the experiment, animals had a normal diet and were walking. No secondary damage was caused by CSD.
Conclusion:
We used a gun-shot wound model to verify the effectiveness of CSD in the groin area. CSD achieved hemostasis quickly in all animals, and mean arterial pressure remained at normal levels. These findings suggest that CSD may be appropriate for humans with junctional hemorrhage due to bullet wounds, although further research is needed.
