Using the componential method to train mentally retarded individuals to solve analogies

The applicability of the componential method developed by Sternberg (1977a) to the study of the processes used by mentally retarded subjects to solve analogies was examined in two experiments. In both experiments, prior training was found to improve performance and enhance maintenance of that performance level over time. In Experiment 1, however, subjects experienced difficulty in using "precued" analogy terms, the means by which separate estimates of the processes used to solve the analogies were made using the componential method. In Experiment 2, use of an alternative method of presenting the analogies significantly increased the use of these terms by the subjects, which, in turn, improved the applicability of the componential method to the data obtained from the subjects. This alternative method, however, also increased the overall difficulty level of the task.