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Related Concept Videos

Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Structure of Blood Vessels01:15

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Blood is circulated throughout the human body through a network of blood vessels called the circulatory system. This system includes arteries that transport blood from the heart to various body parts. These arterial pathways divide into smaller vessels until they reach the arterioles, which further split into capillaries. It is within these minuscule capillaries that the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place. After this exchange, the blood is collected by venules, which fuse to...
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The vascular system, an integral part of the circulatory system, comprises various blood vessels that play crucial roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis. These blood vessels form a complex and efficient circulatory network. The three primary categories of blood vessels are the arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries
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The human cardiovascular system comprises five primary types of blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries, each serving unique functions.
Arteries and Arterioles: Arteries are muscular and elastic vessels that primarily carry oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues, except for the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood. They have thick walls to withstand high pressure and contain a layer of muscle tissue, allowing them to expand or contract as...
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Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Blood Flow01:29

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Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
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VSSC Net: Vessel Specific Skip chain Convolutional Network for blood vessel segmentation.

Pearl Mary Samuel1, Thanikaiselvan Veeramalai1

  • 1School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
|October 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces VSSC Net, a deep learning model for accurate blood vessel segmentation in retinal fundus and coronary angiogram images, aiding early disease diagnosis.

Keywords:
Convolutional neural networkCoronary angiogramFeature propagationRetinal fundusVessel segmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Computer Vision
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Accurate blood vessel segmentation is crucial for early diagnosis of life-threatening diseases using retinal fundus and coronary angiogram images.
  • Deep learning models offer advanced capabilities for medical image analysis and disease detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a single deep learning model, VSSC Net, for segmenting blood vessels in both coronary angiograms and retinal fundus images.
  • To improve the efficiency and accuracy of blood vessel segmentation for diagnostic purposes.

Main Methods:

  • Image-specific preprocessing was applied to coronary angiogram and retinal fundus images.
  • A novel VSSC Net architecture, built upon VGG-16, incorporated two vessel extraction layers with added supervision.
  • These layers featured vessel-specific convolutional blocks, skip-chain convolutional layers, and feature map summation, with weighted fusion of individual loss functions for probability map generation.

Main Results:

  • The VSSC Net demonstrated improved accuracy in segmenting blood vessels on standard retinal and coronary angiogram datasets.
  • Segmentation was achieved rapidly, with a computational time of 0.2 seconds using GPU.
  • The model's vessel extraction layer is efficient, utilizing only 0.4 million parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The VSSC Net effectively segments blood vessels from multiple imaging sources, supporting early diagnosis of vascular disorders.
  • This technology can assist physicians in analyzing complex blood vessel structures, potentially improving patient outcomes.