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Updated: Dec 6, 2025

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Developing a SINTACS-based method to map groundwater multi-pollutant vulnerability using evolutionary algorithms.

Maryam Naghdizadegan Jahromi1, Zinat Gomeh1, Gianluigi Busico2

  • 1Faculty of Geography, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|October 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study improved groundwater vulnerability assessment in the Campanian Plain using a modified SINTACS method. Optimized ratings and weights enhanced accuracy in identifying vulnerable areas, crucial for protecting water resources.

Keywords:
Anthropogenic activitiesCampanian PlainEvolutionary algorithmGroundwater vulnerabilityMulti-pollutantSINTACS

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrogeology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Groundwater vulnerability assessment is critical for water resource protection.
  • The SINTACS method is a common rating-based approach, but its subjectivity can limit accuracy.
  • Optimizing SINTACS parameters is essential for reliable vulnerability mapping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the accuracy of groundwater vulnerability assessment in the Campanian Plain, Italy.
  • To mitigate the subjectivity inherent in traditional SINTACS rating and weighting schemes.
  • To develop an improved multi-pollutant groundwater vulnerability map.

Main Methods:

  • Applied a modified SINTACS method, optimizing parameter ratings with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
  • Utilized evolutionary algorithms, including artificial bee colony (ABC) and genetic algorithm (GA), for weight score optimization.
  • Validated models by correlating the vulnerability index with groundwater nitrate (NO3) and sulfate (SO4) concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Significantly improved correlations between vulnerability index and pollutant concentrations (NO3: -0.35 to 0.43; SO4: -0.28 to 0.33).
  • Developed optimized SINTACS vulnerability maps using Wilcoxon-ABC and Wilcoxon-GA methods.
  • Produced a multi-pollutant vulnerability map that aligned well with land use, highlighting anthropogenic pollution sources.

Conclusions:

  • The modified SINTACS method effectively reduces subjectivity and improves groundwater vulnerability assessment accuracy.
  • Optimized models provide a more reliable tool for identifying vulnerable zones and managing water resources.
  • Anthropogenic activities are confirmed as primary drivers of groundwater pollution in the study area.