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Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells
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Brain Metastases: A Modern Multidisciplinary Approach.

Philip J O'Halloran1, Enrique Gutierrez2, Aristotle Kalyvas1

  • 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques
|October 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Brain metastases (BM) are increasing, necessitating multidisciplinary care. Modern treatments include targeted therapies, immunotherapy, focal radiotherapy, and surgery for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Brain metastasesImmunotherapyMultidisciplinaryRadiotherapySurgeryTargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Medical oncology
  • Radiation oncology

Background:

  • Brain metastases (BM) are the most common intracranial tumors, posing significant clinical challenges.
  • Increasing incidence of BM is linked to improved systemic cancer control and advanced diagnostics.
  • Recent therapeutic advancements have reshaped the management of BM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current treatment regimens for brain metastases.
  • To examine the key features of a contemporary multidisciplinary approach to BM care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current treatment options for BM.
  • Analysis of the components of a multidisciplinary team approach for BM management.

Main Results:

  • BM treatment landscape evolving with targeted therapies, immunotherapy, focal radiotherapy, and surgical innovations.
  • Coordinated care by a multidisciplinary team is essential due to complex treatment options.

Conclusions:

  • The management of brain metastases requires a comprehensive, team-based strategy.
  • Integrating diverse treatment modalities and expertise is crucial for optimal patient care.