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During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
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Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
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Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
03:35

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Food Insecurity during COVID-19.

Craig Gundersen, Monica Hake, Adam Dewey

    Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy
    |October 12, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Feeding America's Map the Meal Gap (MMG) estimates food insecurity. Projections show 17 million more Americans food insecure in 2020, with significant geographic disparities.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Nutrition Science
    • Socioeconomic Studies

    Background:

    • Feeding America's Map the Meal Gap (MMG) has provided decade-long sub-state food insecurity estimates.
    • MMG data is crucial for food banks and government agencies in community-level planning.
    • Understanding geographic variations in food insecurity is essential for targeted interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To detail the methodologies behind the Map the Meal Gap (MMG) estimates.
    • To outline Feeding America's approach to projecting 2020 food insecurity geography.
    • To analyze potential changes in food insecurity rates due to COVID-19 since 2018.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing sub-state level data to estimate food insecurity prevalence.
    • Employing projection models to forecast 2020 food insecurity trends.
    Keywords:
    COVID‐19I31Map the Meal GapQ18food insecurityhungerpoverty

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  • Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity data.

    • Main Results:

    • Projected increase of 17 million food-insecure Americans in 2020.
    • Identified substantial geographic variations in food insecurity rates.
    • Highlighted the differential impact of COVID-19 on food insecurity.

    Conclusions:

    • The aggregate increase in food insecurity masks significant regional differences.
    • MMG data remains vital for understanding and addressing local food insecurity challenges.
    • Further research is needed to fully grasp the long-term effects of the pandemic on food security.