Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Bilateral Massive Pulmonary Emboli Caused Death in a Healthy 35-Year-Old Patient

Ali F Al Sbihi1, Nouraldeen Manasrah1, Jorgena Kosti2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center Sinai-Grace Hospital, Detroit, USA.

Cureus
|October 12, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause severe complications. This case highlights COVID-19-associated massive pulmonary emboli leading to fatal outcomes in a young, healthy individual.

Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly emerged as a global pandemic.
  • COVID-19 has been associated with diverse and severe clinical manifestations.
  • Known complications include acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, renal failure, and cytokine storm.

Observation:

  • A case study of a young, previously healthy patient is presented.
  • The patient experienced a fatal outcome due to COVID-19 infection.
  • Massive pulmonary emboli were identified as the direct cause of death.

Findings:

  • COVID-19 infection can precipitate catastrophic thromboembolic events.
  • Massive pulmonary embolism is a critical and potentially lethal complication of COVID-19.
  • This emphasizes the prothrombotic nature of the virus, even in young individuals.

Implications:

  • Physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients.
  • Early recognition and management of pulmonary embolism are crucial for improving outcomes.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of COVID-19-induced hypercoagulability is warranted.

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
319
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
143
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
181
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.1K
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
670
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
840