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Respiratory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a narrative review
Andrea D'Arrigo1, Stefano Floro1, Francesca Bartesaghi1
1"Aldo Ravelli" Center, Dept of Health Sciences, University of Milan Medical School and San Paolo University Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Milano, Milan, Italy.
ERJ Open Research
|October 12, 2020
Summary
Respiratory symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), impacting breathing and potentially linked to medication. Early recognition and treatment of these breathing issues are crucial for managing PD effectively.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pulmonology
- Movement Disorders
Background:
- Respiratory symptoms are a long-recognized, yet poorly defined, manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD).
- Potential causes include pulmonary diseases and altered central respiratory control, with various pathogenetic mechanisms proposed.
- The role of anti-Parkinsonian drugs as contributing factors or protective agents requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review current knowledge on respiratory abnormalities in Parkinson's disease.
- To investigate the influence of anti-Parkinsonian medications on respiratory function.
- To explore pathogenetic mechanisms and discuss potential therapeutic strategies for respiratory symptoms in PD.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of studies on respiratory symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
- Analysis of the impact of pharmacological treatments on respiratory function.
- Examination of pathogenetic mechanisms and proposed treatments.
Main Results:
- Respiratory symptoms in PD are diverse, encompassing obstructive and restrictive patterns, and central ventilatory control changes.
- Anti-Parkinsonian drugs may act as either risk or protective factors for respiratory disturbances.
- Understanding these mechanisms is key to developing effective treatments.
Conclusions:
- Respiratory symptoms are a significant, often underappreciated, feature of Parkinson's disease.
- Targeted treatment of respiratory dysfunction is essential for comprehensive PD management.
- Further research into atypical Parkinsonism and α-synucleinopathies is warranted.
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