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Related Experiment Video

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Current approaches and developments in transcript profiling of the human placenta.

Hannah E J Yong1, Shiao-Yng Chan1,2

  • 1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.

Human Reproduction Update
|October 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human placental transcriptome offers insights into maternal-offspring health. This review synthesizes existing studies, highlighting under-researched areas like maternal obesity and mental health for future research.

Keywords:
RNA sequencingdeciduadevelopmentmicroarrayplacentapre-eclampsiapregnancytranscriptometrophoblast

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Genomics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The placenta is a critical interface between mother and fetus, reflecting pregnancy health and exposures.
  • Discarded placental tissue is a valuable resource for studying maternal-offspring health and disease.
  • Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of the placenta offers an unbiased approach to investigate physiology and pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of human placental transcriptome studies.
  • To contextualize current findings from cellular to tissue levels.
  • To promote data sharing and collaboration for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, NCBI, and EBI repositories.
  • Inclusion of studies using keywords: 'placenta', 'decidua', 'trophoblast', 'transcriptome', 'microarray', 'RNA sequencing' until May 2019.
  • Consolidation of 179 identified studies into overarching themes.

Main Results:

  • Studies fall into four themes: healthy development, pregnancy complications, exposures, and in vitro cultures.
  • RNA sequencing has become the preferred method over microarrays since 2015.
  • Single-cell transcript profiling is now feasible, offering higher resolution.
  • Key considerations in study design (sample selection, processing, analysis) impact findings.
  • Areas like maternal mental health and obesity are understudied.

Conclusions:

  • Integrative analysis with other 'omics' and longitudinal data is crucial for understanding placental function and pregnancy complications.
  • Identifying causal mechanisms can aid in predicting risks and designing interventions.
  • Enhanced collaboration, data sharing, and focus on understudied areas are vital for advancing the field.