Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 6, 2025
A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance
Published on: November 7, 2025
Functional and oncological outcomes of salvage cryosurgery for radiorecurrent prostate cancer
Leonie Exterkate1, Max Peters2, Diederik M Somford1
1Department of Urology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Objectives:
To evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of salvage cryosurgery (SCS) for radiorecurrent prostate cancer (rrPCa).
Patients And Methods:
A total of 169 consecutive patients with biopsy confirmed rrPCa were retrospectively analysed. All patients underwent SCS in a single referral centre between 2006 and 2018. The primary outcome was biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) according to the Phoenix definition (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] nadir +2 ng/mL). The secondary outcomes were overall survival, BRFS defined as a PSA level of >0.5 ng/mL, metastasis-free survival, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT)-free survival, and functional outcomes. Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo system. PSA was measured every 3-6 months postoperatively. Functional outcomes were scored as reported by patients at outpatient visits. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and uni- and multivariable Cox regression were performed.
Results:
The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 36 (18-66) months. The BRFS after 5 and 8 years was 52% (95% confidence interval [CI] 43-62%) and 45% (95% CI 35-57%), respectively. At multivariable analysis PSA level at initial diagnosis, initial treatment, interval between primary treatment and SCS, age at SCS, and post-SCS PSA nadir were significant factors for BRFS. The 5-year ADT-free survival was 70% (95% CI 62-79%). Clavien-Dindo Grade ≥III complications occurred in 1.2% (two/169) of patients. In all, 19% (29/156) of patients had new-onset urinary incontinence defined as >1 pad/24 h and 92% (57/62) of patients had new-onset erectile dysfunction. Persistent urinary fistula occurred in 6.5% (11/169) of patients.
Conclusions:
The present study shows acceptable oncological outcomes of SCS considering the salvage character of the treatment. The occurrence of serious complications such as urinary incontinence and fistula should not be underestimated.
