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Overprescription of Opioids Following Outpatient Anorectal Surgery: A Single-Institution Study
Devon Livingston-Rosanoff1, Taylor Aiken, Brooks Rademacher
1Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
Background:
Surgeons contribute to the opioid epidemic by overprescribing opioids for postoperative pain. Excess, unused opioids may be diverted for misuse/abuse.
Objective:
This study aimed to characterize opioid prescribing and use among patients undergoing outpatient anorectal procedures and to assess the adequacy of postoperative pain management.
Design:
This is a retrospective cohort study, prospective cross-sectional survey.
Settings:
Patients were treated by colorectal surgeons in an academic medical center between January 2018 and September 2019.
Patients:
Six hundred twenty-seven patients undergoing an outpatient anorectal procedure were included.
Main Outcome Measures:
The primary outcomes measured were the opioids prescribed at discharge, opioid prescription refills, patient-reported outcomes regarding opioid use, and the adequacy of postoperative pain management in terms of pain intensity and pain interference. Opioids were standardized to 5-mg oxycodone pills. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed by using previously validated instruments.
Results:
The majority of patients underwent fistula surgery (n = 234) followed by examination under anesthesia (n = 183), hemorrhoidectomy (n = 131), incision and drainage (n = 51), and pilonidal excision (n = 28). Most patients received opioids (78% fistula, 49% examination under anesthesia, 87% hemorrhoidectomy, 71% incision and drainage, 96% pilonidal). Patients undergoing examination under anesthesia received the fewest opioid pills (median 10; range 3-50) followed by patients undergoing fistula surgery (median13, range 1-50), incision and drainage (median 15, range 3-120), pilonidal excisions (median 15, range 3-60), and hemorrhoidectomies (median 28, range 3-60). Regardless of procedure, the majority of patients used fewer than 5 opioid pills postoperatively. Patients undergoing pilonidal excisions had the largest number of excess unused pills (median 14, range 0-30) followed by patients undergoing fistula surgery and incision and drainage (median 7, ranges 0-30 and 5-17), hemorrhoidectomy (median 6, range 0-50), and examination under anesthesia (median 2, range 0-23). Whereas patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy reported higher pain levels following discharge, most reported minimal interference with day-to-day activities due to pain regardless of the procedure performed.
Limitations:
The limitations of this study included recall bias and sample bias.
Conclusions:
The majority of patients do not need more than five to ten 5-mg oxycodone equivalents to achieve adequate pain management after outpatient anorectal surgical procedures. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B347. EXCESO DE PRESCRIPCIÓN DE OPIOIDES DESPUÉS DE UNA CIRUGÍA ANORRECTAL AMBULATORIA: UN ESTUDIO DE UNA SOLA INSTITUCIÓN: Cirujanos contribuyen a la epidemia de opioides al recetar en exceso opioides para el dolor postoperatorio. El exceso de opioides no utilizados puede ser desviado por para mal uso o abuso.Caracterizar la prescripción y el uso de opioides entre pacientes sometidos a procedimientos anorrectales ambulatorios y evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio.Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, encuesta transversal prospectiva.pacientes tratados por cirujanos colorrectales en un centro médico académico entre enero de 2018 y septiembre de 2019.se incluyeron 627 pacientes que se sometieron a un procedimiento anorrectal ambulatorio.Opioides recetados al alta, reabastecimientos de prescripción de opioides, resultados informados por el paciente con respecto al uso de opioides y efectividad del manejo del dolor postoperatorio en términos de intensidad del dolor y trastornos secundarios a dolor. Los opioides se estandarizaron con píldoras de oxicodona de 5 mg. Los resultados informados por los pacientes se evaluaron utilizando instrumentos previamente validados.La mayoría de los pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía de fístula (n = 234) seguida de un examen bajo anestesia (EUA; n = 183), hemorroidectomía (n = 131), incisión y drenaje (I&D) (n = 51) y escisión pilonidal (n = 28). La mayoría de los pacientes recibieron opioides (78% fístula, 49% EUA, 87% hemorroidectomía, 71% I&D, 96% pilonidal). Las EUA recibieron la menor cantidad de píldoras opioides (mediana 10, rango 3-50) seguidas de fístula (mediana 13, rango 1-50), I y D (mediana 15, rango 3-120), pilonidales (mediana 15, rango 3-60) y hemorroides. (mediana 28, rango 3-60). Independientemente del procedimiento, la mayoría de los pacientes usaron menos de cinco píldoras opioides después de la operación. Los pacientes pilonidales tuvieron el mayor número de píldoras no utilizadas en exceso (mediana 14, rango 0-30) seguido de fístula e I&D (mediana 7, rangos 0-30 y 5-17, respectivamente), hemorroidectomía (mediana 6, rango 0-50) y EUA (mediana 2, rango 0-23). Si bien los pacientes con hemorroidectomía informaron niveles de dolor más altos después del alta, la mayoría de pacientes informaron un mínimo de interferencia con las actividades diarias debido al dolor, independientemente del procedimiento realizado.Sesgo de recuerdo autoinformado, sesgo de muestra.La mayoría de los pacientes no necesitan más de cinco a diez equivalentes de oxicodona de 5 mg para lograr un manejo adecuado del dolor después de procedimientos quirúrgicos anorrectales ambulatorios. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B347. (Traducción-Dr. Adrian Ortega).
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