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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

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Corneal Nerve Abnormalities in Ocular and Systemic Diseases.

Sneh Patel1, Jodi Hwang1, Divy Mehra1

  • 1Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.

Experimental Eye Research
|October 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Corneal nerves, vital for sensation and healing, show abnormalities in diseases like dry eye and glaucoma. Advanced imaging reveals structural issues don't always match functional deficits, impacting ocular surface pain.

Keywords:
AethesiometryCorneal nervesIn vivo confocal microscopyOcular surface painPersistent epithelial defect

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Ocular Surface Disease

Background:

  • The corneal subbasal nerve system, originating from the trigeminal nerve, is critical for ocular sensation and healing.
  • Technological progress enables detailed structural and functional assessment of corneal nerves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review instruments for evaluating corneal nerves.
  • To summarize corneal nerve abnormalities in various ocular and systemic conditions.
  • To discuss treatments for nerve dysfunction symptoms like ocular pain.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo confocal microscopy for structural analysis.
  • Aesthesiometry for functional assessment.
  • Review of human and animal model studies.

Main Results:

  • Structural and functional abnormalities in corneal nerves are linked to dry eye disease, glaucoma, migraine, and fibromyalgia.
  • A dissociation between structural and functional nerve abnormalities is frequently observed.
  • Corneal nerve evaluation aids in understanding disease mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced imaging techniques provide insights into corneal nerve health and disease.
  • Understanding nerve dysfunction is key to managing ocular surface pain and persistent epithelial defects.
  • Further research into treatments targeting nerve dysfunction is warranted.