[Present status and outlook of prosthodontic treatments based on three-dimensional printing technologies]

Three-dimensional (3D) printing prostheses or prosthodontic devices have been preliminarily used in the clinics of prosthodontics. These prostheses or devices include diagnostic prostheses, crowns and fixed bridges, removable denture frameworks, implant surgical template, and custom-made implants, etc. There are three major types of technologies for 3D printing according to the forming principles, namely, light curing, sintering or melting, and melting-condensation. The materials used in 3D printing prostheses or devices include polymers, metals, and ceramics, etc. The advantages of 3D printing prostheses include material-saving, customized manufacturing for restorations, and batch production. However, the precision and strength of prostheses or devices, long-term clinical effects, and grade of maturity in customized manufacturing need further investigation and improving. This article focused on the present application, and the future development of 3D printing technologies in prosthodontic treatments. It will provide beneficial references for the future studies, development, and clinical application of 3D printing technologies and restorations in prosthodontic fields.