Vitamin D Supplementation in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Current Perspective

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Immunology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, posing physical and emotional burdens and presenting management challenges.
• Vitamin D, a fat-soluble molecule, is recognized for its pleiotropic effects, including roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and immune modulation via vitamin D receptors found in various tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of vitamin D in peripheral vascular disease and neuropathy, key risk factors for DFU.
• To explore evidence supporting vitamin D's efficacy in wound healing and DFU management.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted.
• The search focused on studies investigating vitamin D's impact on peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and DFU.
• Evidence regarding vitamin D's role in wound healing processes was specifically examined.

Main Results:

• Vitamin D influences multiple stages of wound healing, accelerating the process by modulating cells in proliferation and remodeling phases.
• It enhances the expression of antimicrobial peptides, aiding in microbial elimination.
• Vitamin D also balances inflammatory responses, suppressing pro-inflammatory and enhancing anti-inflammatory pathways.

Conclusions:

• Vitamin D demonstrates a protective role in the immune and vascular systems.
• It contributes to improved glycemic outcomes and wound healing.
• Vitamin D is a potential preferred adjuvant therapy for managing diabetic foot ulcers.