Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

6.4K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
6.4K
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

78.0K
Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
78.0K
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

8.1K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
8.1K
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

16.0K
Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
16.0K
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

48.6K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
48.6K
Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

186.6K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
186.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sensitivity of HiFi long-read genome sequencing for difficult-to-detect pathogenic variants when applied to real-world clinical laboratory samples.

American journal of human genetics·2026
Same author

Genome-wide profiling of highly similar paralogous genes using HiFi sequencing.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Targeting a KRAS i-motif forming sequence by unmodified and gamma-modified peptide nucleic acid oligomers.

Biopolymers·2022
Same author

Targeting a Potential G-Quadruplex Forming Sequence Found in the West Nile Virus Genome by Complementary Gamma-Peptide Nucleic Acid Oligomers.

ACS infectious diseases·2021
Same author

Enhanced Hybridization Selectivity Using Structured GammaPNA Probes.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Nucleic Acids Nanoscience at Interfaces Special Issue.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

1.1K

Assembly and Characterization of RNA/DNA Hetero-G-Quadruplexes.

April S Berlyoung1, Bruce A Armitage1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.

Biochemistry
|October 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers assembled and characterized novel hetero-G-quadruplexes (RDQs) from guanine-rich DNA and RNA. These stable RDQs show promise for developing new therapeutic compounds targeting genome regulation.

More Related Videos

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

8.4K
A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1
11:25

A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1

Published on: March 18, 2017

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

1.1K
Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

8.4K
A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1
11:25

A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1

Published on: March 18, 2017

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Guanine-rich sequences form G-quadruplexes (GQs), crucial in genome regulation.
  • Hetero-G-quadruplexes (RDQs) involving both DNA and RNA are less understood than homo-GQs.
  • RDQs play a role in regulating genome transcription and replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assemble and characterize novel hetero-G-quadruplexes (RDQs).
  • To investigate the structural and biophysical properties of RDQs.
  • To establish a method for screening RDQ-binding molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Assembly of three RDQs using sequence motifs from human telomeres and mitochondrial nucleic acids.
  • Utilized a duplex scaffold to prevent strand segregation into homo-GQs.
  • Characterized RDQs using UV melting temperatures and thioflavin T binding assays.

Main Results:

  • Stable RDQs were successfully assembled with UV melting temperatures above 50 °C in 100 mM KCl.
  • RDQs exhibited predominantly parallel morphologies, influenced by the RNA component.
  • Thioflavin T bound to RDQs with low micromolar dissociation constants (KD), similar to homo-GQs.

Conclusions:

  • A method for assembling stable RDQs was established.
  • The findings provide insights into RDQ structure and biophysical properties.
  • This method facilitates the screening of small molecules, oligonucleotides, and proteins that selectively bind to RDQs.