[Diabetic foot attack. Pathophysiological description, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes]

Area of Science:

• Podiatry
• Diabetology
• Vascular Surgery

Background:

• Diabetic foot attack is a severe condition threatening limb and life.
• Urgent intervention is critical, emphasizing the "time is tissue" principle.
• It encompasses infected, ischemic, and Charcot neuroarthropathy presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define and describe diabetic foot attack.
• To highlight the urgency and severity of these conditions.
• To promote rapid, effective treatment and prevent amputation.

Main Methods:

• Review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment.
• Description of classic, ischemic, and atypical (Charcot) diabetic foot attacks.
• Emphasis on diagnostic confirmation and timely intervention.

Main Results:

• Diabetic foot attack includes severe infection with necrosis, critical ischemia, and acute Charcot neuroarthropathy.
• Prompt surgical debridement, antibiotics, or revascularization are key treatments.
• Accurate diagnosis and off-loading are crucial for Charcot foot.

Conclusions:

• Identifying diabetic foot attack subtypes guides urgent management.
• Timely and appropriate treatment is essential to avoid limb amputation.
• Understanding these presentations improves patient outcomes and limb salvage.