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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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New Insights on the Basic Science of Bladder Exstrophy-epispadias Complex.

Saran A Hall1, Roni Manyevitch1, Preeya K Mistry1

  • 1Robert D. Jeffs Division of Pediatric Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institutions, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Charlotte Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Baltimore, MD.

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Summary

This review explores the exstrophy-epispadias complex, a rare congenital anomaly. Recent research advances understanding of its genetics, embryology, and anatomy to improve patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Urology

Background:

  • The exstrophy-epispadias complex (EEC) is a rare and complex group of congenital anomalies.
  • Understanding the underlying basic science is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature (2009-2019) on the exstrophy-epispadias complex.
  • To explore novel theories regarding the genetics, embryology, and anatomical structures affected in EEC.
  • To consolidate current knowledge for enhanced diagnosis, management, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published between 2009 and 2019.
  • Focus on research investigating the genetics, embryology, bladder, bony pelvis, prostate, and genitalia in EEC patients.

Main Results:

  • Identification of emerging theories in EEC pathogenesis.
  • Highlighting advancements in understanding the developmental processes involved.
  • Synthesizing current knowledge on anatomical variations and their implications.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research provides deeper insights into the complex mechanisms of EEC.
  • Continued investigation into basic science concepts is essential for clinical advancement.
  • Improved understanding can lead to better patient quality of life.