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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Boosting Working Memory in ADHD: Adaptive Dual N-Back Training Enhances WAIS-IV Performance, but Yields Mixed Corsi Outcomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Attention Networks in ADHD Adults after Working Memory Training with a Dual n-Back Task.

Masashi Dotare1, Michel Bader2, Sarah K Mesrobian3

  • 1School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.

Brain Sciences
|October 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive training using the Dual n-back task improved executive functions in adult ADHD patients. Adaptive training enhanced conflict effect, suggesting a non-pharmacological treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Keywords:
ADHD subtypeattentional network taskconflict effectdimensional analysisex-Gaussian parametersexecutive controlmethylphenidate

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with executive dysfunction and attention deficits.
  • Cognitive training is explored as a potential intervention for ADHD symptoms.
  • The Attention Network Task (ANT) measures executive control, orienting, and alerting networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of Dual n-back working memory training on ANT performance in adults with and without ADHD.
  • To compare the efficacy of adaptive versus baseline (1-back) Dual n-back training.
  • To explore the relationship between symptom severity and training-induced improvements.

Main Methods:

  • Three groups participated: ADHD (unmedicated), medicated ADHD (MADHD), and controls.
  • Participants underwent 20 days of daily Dual n-back training (approx. 30 min/day).
  • Training involved either adaptive difficulty or a fixed 1-back task.

Main Results:

  • Working memory training did not significantly alter alerting or orienting effects.
  • Adaptive Dual n-back training improved the conflict effect (executive control) in adult ADHD patients, regardless of medication status.
  • Improvements in conflict effect correlated with reduced response variability, particularly fewer slow responses.
  • Baseline training showed symptom-dependent improvements in conflict effect across all groups.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive Dual n-back training shows promise as a cognitive remediation strategy for adult ADHD.
  • This training may enhance executive control functions in individuals with ADHD without medication.
  • The findings suggest a potential non-pharmacological approach for managing executive dysfunction in ADHD.