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Molecular Sensing with Host Systems for Hyperpolarized 129Xe.

Jabadurai Jayapaul1, Leif Schröder1

  • 1Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights the use of hyperpolarized 129Xenon (Xe) as a sensitive probe for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) biosensors. Researchers are developing novel Xe biosensors for molecular sensing and biophysical parameter detection.

Keywords:
Hyper-CESTMRINMRbiosensorssupramolecular complexesxenon

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Chemical Biology
  • Biosensor Development

Background:

  • Hyperpolarized noble gases, particularly 129Xenon (Xe), offer enhanced sensitivity for NMR applications.
  • 129Xe's unique properties, including aqueous solubility and affinity for hydrophobic pockets, enable functionalization with host structures.
  • The transient binding of Xe in host structures is compatible with signal enhancement techniques like chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in the design and synthesis of 129Xe biosensors for molecular sensing.
  • To explore the application of 129Xe in conjunction with CEST for enhanced NMR signal detection.
  • To discuss host molecule engineering for efficient Xe binding and CEST effect optimization.

Main Methods:

  • Functionalization of host structures with 129Xe for targeted molecular recognition.
  • Integration of 129Xe binding with Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) for signal amplification.
  • Analysis of Xe exchange kinetics and host cavity design for optimizing biosensor performance.

Main Results:

  • Development of various 129Xe biosensor systems for detecting molecular markers and biophysical parameters.
  • Achieving unprecedented sensitivity in NMR-based molecular sensing through 129Xe and CEST.
  • Insights into host engineering strategies for efficient Xe binding and CEST signal generation.

Conclusions:

  • 129Xe-based biosensors represent a powerful platform for sensitive molecular detection using NMR.
  • Optimizing host-guest interactions and CEST parameters is crucial for advancing Xe biosensor technology.
  • The principles of reporter design from other modalities can inform future developments in 129Xe biosensors.