Influence factors and pregnancy outcomes for pernicious placenta previa with placenta accreta

To explore the influence factors for pernicious placenta previa (PPP) with placenta accreta and pregnancy outcomes of different types of PPP.

A case-control study was conducted to collect 410 PPP patients admitted to a general hospital in Changsha from December 2013 to February 2018. Two hundred and fifty cases of PPP with placenta accreta were treated as a case group, and 160 cases of PPP without placenta accreta were treated as a control group. The relationship between clinical data and placenta accreta was analyzed, and the pregnancy outcomes of PPP was observed according to different types of placenta previa.

Logistic regression showed that delivery times were more than 2 (OR=3.221), cesarean section times were more than 2 (OR=3.048), central placenta previa (OR=3.607), placental attachment site (anterior wall) (OR=4.592) were independent risk factors for PPP with placenta accrete (P<0.05). Living in cities (OR=0.614), systematic prenatal examination (OR=0.590) were protective factors (P<0.05). Average intraoperative blood loss, postpartum bleeding rate, hysterectomy rate in the central group were all higher than those in the marginal and low-set group. The incidence rates of ICU transfer, complications, and hospital stay were higher or longer than those in the marginal group (P'<0.008). There was no significant difference in stillbirth rate among the 4 groups (P>0.05). Preterm delivery rate was higher than that of the marginal and low-set group, and the birth weight was lower than that of the low-set group. Apgar score at 1 min and asphyxia rate were lower and higher than those of the other 3 groups, respectively (P'<0.008).

Delivery times (>2), cesarean section times (≥2), central placenta previa, placenta attachment site (anterior wall) are independent risk factors for PPP with placenta accreta. Living in cities, systematic prenatal examination were protective factors. The central PPP is more likely to lead to postpartum hemorrhage, hysterectomy, and increases in the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight as well as asphyxia of fetus, which seriously threatens maternal and fetal life.