Research progress in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder clinical syndrome, coexisting hypertension and proteinuria. It is a result of the shallow remodeling of the spiral arteries after 20 weeks of gestation, which changes the placental microenvironment and releases a series of maternal circulation factors. Currently, there are no effective tools for the treatment of preeclampsia unless terminating pregnancy. The unclear pathogenesis, the high rate of fetal growth restriction, fetal disability and maternal mortality make it important for researchers to explore the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating the expression of almost 30% of all genes by binding to the 3' untranslated region of a target mRNA, which affects various cell processes, including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and development. A large number of miRNAs can be expressed in human placental tissues, while some are only specifically expressed and can also be released into the maternal blood in the form of exosome during pregnancy. Thus, it makes miRNA hopefully as a novel molecular marker for monitoring pregnancy, prediction and diagnosis of gestational diseases.