Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

7.6K
The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
7.6K
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

657
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
657
Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae01:29

Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae

309
The phylum Chlamydiae or Chlamydiota is composed of a single order, Chlamydiales. This phylum consists entirely of obligate intracellular parasites that infect eukaryotic hosts. While human pathogens within this group have been studied extensively, the phylum encompasses many species capable of interacting with various eukaryotic organisms. Members of Chlamydiae are typically small cocci, approximately 0.5 μm in diameter, and exhibit a distinctive developmental cycle. As is characteristic...
309
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

298
Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
298
Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

604
Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
604
Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

780
Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
780

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of Quorum Sensing Modulators of Streptococcus constellatus.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2026
Same author

Amphibians After Disease-Induced Declines: Genetic Insights Into Population Recoveries.

Molecular ecology·2026
Same author

Diverse Relationships between Batrachochytrium Infections and Antimicrobial Peptide Defenses Across Leopard Frog Populations.

Integrative and comparative biology·2024
Same author

Towards the generation of gnotobiotic larvae as a tool to investigate the influence of the microbiome on the development of the amphibian immune system.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2023
Same author

Temperature shifts associated with bat arousals during hibernation inhibit the growth of <i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans</i>.

Royal Society open science·2022
Same author

Ecoimmunology: What Unconventional Organisms Tell Us after Two Decades.

Integrative and comparative biology·2022
Same journal

Exposure to Dim Light at Night Impairs Photoperiodic and Metabolic Gene Expression in Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology·2026
Same journal

Evening Primrose Oil Attenuates Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Albino Rats Via Improvement of Oxidative Stress and TNF-α: Protective Study.

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology·2026
Same journal

Corticosterone Under Experimental Manipulation of Nutrition and Parasite Burden in a Wild Rodent System.

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology·2026
Same journal

The Renal Function of the Wild Rodent Cerradomys goytaca Reveals Adaptations in the Mechanisms of Urinary Concentration and Solute Excretion.

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology·2026
Same journal

Silicon Deficiency and the Endemic Sponge Lubomirskia baikalensis (Pallas, 1773): What Happens With Its Skeleton in Changing Environment?

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology·2026
Same journal

Is the Cognitive Ability of Fawn-Footed Mosaic-Tailed Rat Melomys cervinipes Offspring Related to Mothers' Care or Cognitive Abilities?

Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Using Terminal Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End-labelling TUNEL and Caspase 3/7 Assays to Measure Epidermal Cell Death in Frogs with Chytridiomycosis
07:37

Using Terminal Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End-labelling TUNEL and Caspase 3/7 Assays to Measure Epidermal Cell Death in Frogs with Chytridiomycosis

Published on: May 16, 2018

10.8K

The amphibian complement system and chytridiomycosis.

Keely M Rodriguez1, Jamie Voyles1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA.

Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology
|October 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amphibian immune responses, particularly the complement system, are crucial for combating emerging infectious diseases like chytridiomycosis. Further research into amphibian immunity can aid conservation efforts for threatened species.

Keywords:
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidisamphibianschytridiomycosiscomplementecoimmunologyectothermsemerging infectious diseaseinnate immunity

More Related Videos

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians
06:49

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians

Published on: March 14, 2014

11.9K
Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins
05:08

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

Published on: July 8, 2025

729

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Using Terminal Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End-labelling TUNEL and Caspase 3/7 Assays to Measure Epidermal Cell Death in Frogs with Chytridiomycosis
07:37

Using Terminal Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End-labelling TUNEL and Caspase 3/7 Assays to Measure Epidermal Cell Death in Frogs with Chytridiomycosis

Published on: May 16, 2018

10.8K
Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians
06:49

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians

Published on: March 14, 2014

11.9K
Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins
05:08

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

Published on: July 8, 2025

729

Area of Science:

  • Ecoimmunology
  • Infectious disease ecology
  • Amphibian immunology

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant threat to wildlife populations globally.
  • Chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has led to severe amphibian declines worldwide.
  • While some amphibian populations show resilience to Bd, the underlying immune mechanisms, especially the complement system, remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of the amphibian complement system and its role in response to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection.
  • To highlight gaps in understanding amphibian immune responses to chytridiomycosis.
  • To propose future research directions for advancing amphibian immunity and conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of the complement system in general.
  • Review of existing studies on amphibian complement responses to Bd infection.
  • Synthesis of current research and identification of knowledge gaps.

Main Results:

  • The complement system is a vital, yet understudied, component of the innate immune defense in amphibians.
  • Complement activation pathways (classical, alternative, lectin) enhance immune responses like inflammation and pathogen lysis.
  • Evidence suggests complement may play a key role in early host resistance to Bd.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of amphibian complement pathways is essential for explaining differential host responses to Bd.
  • Future research should focus on elucidating specific complement activation mechanisms in Bd-infected amphibians.
  • Enhanced knowledge of amphibian immunity can inform conservation strategies for species threatened by chytridiomycosis.