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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

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Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
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Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

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Overview
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Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

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Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

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Biofluidic material-based carriers: Potential systems for crossing cellular barriers.

Pravin Shende1, Riddhi Trivedi2

  • 1Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India..

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|October 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Biofluids are crucial for diagnosing diseases and developing novel drug delivery systems. This review explores biofluid properties and their therapeutic applications in advanced nano- and micro-systems.

Keywords:
CargoCell-basedEnzymeFluid flowNanomedicine

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Biofluids serve as rich sources of disease biomarkers for diagnostic and monitoring purposes.
  • Components derived from biofluids hold potential for therapeutic drug delivery systems.
  • Understanding biofluid properties is key to optimizing drug delivery and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties and functional benefits of key biofluids.
  • To explore the therapeutic and targeting actions of biofluid-derived substances in nano- and micro-systems.
  • To highlight the advantages of biofluid-based systems in overcoming conventional therapy challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on biofluids (blood, saliva, bile, urine, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid).
  • Analysis of therapeutic and targeting applications of fluid-derived substances in nanohybrids, nanoparticles, micelles, microparticles, and cell-based systems.
  • Evaluation of formulation advantages including biocompatibility and biodegradability.

Main Results:

  • Biofluids offer valuable insights into disease progression and mechanisms.
  • Biofluid-derived components can be effectively utilized in various nano- and micro-delivery systems.
  • Biologically-oriented systems derived from biofluids demonstrate natural origin, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.

Conclusions:

  • Biofluids are essential for diagnostics and advanced therapeutic strategies.
  • Nano- and micro-systems utilizing biofluid components offer promising alternatives to conventional therapies.
  • The inherent properties of biofluid-derived materials enhance drug delivery efficacy and patient compliance.