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Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA
Published on: February 9, 2011
Insights into the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci carriage in community-based
Suiping He1, Jialing Lin2, Ying Li1
1Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China.
Background:
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens. Methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) remain a major cause of nosocomial infections, but limited information is available in communities. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the epidemiology of CoNS nasal carriage, especially MRCoNS in community-based drug users.
Methods:
Drug users were included in the cross-sectional study from three communities in Guangzhou, China. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect individual information and nasal swabs were collected to identify CoNS and MRCoNS isolates. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of MRCoNS isolates were detected by using the disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction assays. Factors impacting MRCoNS carriage were assessed and estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using logistic regression models.
Results:
Overall, 353 drug users were eligible and included in the study. The prevalence of CoNS and MRCoNS were 42.78% and 29.18%, respectively. Having a history of being in prison (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.10-4.22) and a history of heroin snorting in the past 6 months (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.14-3.05) were risk factors for MRCoNS nasal carriage in drug users. The proportions of multidrug resistance for CoNS and MRCoNS isolates were respectively 54.38% and 66.07%. The predominant multidrug resistance pattern for CoNS and MRCoNS isolates was simultaneously non-susceptible to penicillin, cefoxitin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. MRCoNS isolates that were positive for erythromycin- (χ2 = 15.49, P < 0.001), tetracycline- (χ2 = 44.88, P < 0.001), penicillin- (χ2 = 3.86, P = 0.049), clindamycin- (χ2 = 4.18, P = 0.028), and gentamicin- (χ2 = 20.66, P < 0.001) resistance genes had significantly higher rates of resistance to corresponding antibiotics.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of MRCoNS nasal carriage was high in community-based drug users. Drug users with risk factors should be paid greater attention to. The use of antibiotics in drug users needs further investigation and control.
Insights
Methicillin-resistant Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS) nasal carriage is high in community drug users. Prison history and recent heroin use are significant risk factors for MRCoNS carriage.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens, with methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) posing a significant nosocomial infection threat.
- Limited data exists on MRCoNS prevalence within community settings, particularly among vulnerable populations like drug users.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the epidemiology of CoNS and MRCoNS nasal carriage in community-based drug users.
- To identify risk factors associated with MRCoNS nasal carriage in this population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 353 drug users in Guangzhou, China.
- Data collection via questionnaires and nasal swab analysis for CoNS and MRCoNS identification.
- Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of MRCoNS using disk diffusion and PCR assays, with logistic regression for risk factor analysis.
Main Results:
- Prevalence of CoNS and MRCoNS nasal carriage was 42.78% and 29.18%, respectively.
- History of imprisonment and recent heroin snorting (past 6 months) were identified as significant risk factors for MRCoNS carriage.
- High rates of multidrug resistance were observed in both CoNS (54.38%) and MRCoNS (66.07%) isolates, with common resistance patterns noted.
Conclusions:
- MRCoNS nasal carriage is highly prevalent among community-based drug users.
- Targeted attention and interventions are crucial for drug users with identified risk factors.
- Further investigation and control strategies for antibiotic use in this population are warranted.
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