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    This study introduces a GPU-accelerated algorithm for visualizing black hole effects on the surrounding sky. The efficient method enables real-time rendering of spacetime distortions for orbiting observers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computational Astrophysics
    • Computer Graphics
    • General Relativity

    Background:

    • Visualizing the effects of black holes on spacetime is computationally intensive.
    • Previous methods struggle to achieve real-time rendering rates for dynamic scenarios.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an efficient GPU-based algorithm for real-time visualization of black hole gravitational lensing.
    • To enable dynamic simulation of observer paths around black holes.

    Main Methods:

    • A two-step approach utilizing an adaptive grid to map observer's view to the distorted celestial sky.
    • GPU acceleration for rapid ray tracing through distorted spacetime.
    • Novel interpolation technique for smooth transitions between observer positions.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved real-time rendering rates for black hole visualizations.
    • Demonstrated efficient ray tracing by avoiding standard heavy workloads.
    • Successfully simulated observer paths with smooth transitions using interpolated grids.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed algorithm provides an efficient and real-time solution for visualizing black hole effects.
    • The GPU-based approach with adaptive grids and interpolation enhances visualization capabilities for astrophysics and virtual reality applications.