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Photon-level broadband spectroscopy and interferometry with two frequency combs.

Nathalie Picqué1, Theodor W Hänsch1,2

  • 1Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, 85748 Garching, Germany; nathalie.picque@mpq.mpg.de t.w.haensch@mpq.mpg.de.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates dual-comb spectroscopy using single photons, enabling high-resolution analysis in extremely low light conditions. This breakthrough opens new avenues for sensitive spectroscopic measurements previously thought impossible.

Keywords:
frequency combinterferencelaser spectroscopyphoton countingprecision spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Laser Physics

Background:

  • Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) offers high resolution and broad spectral coverage.
  • Traditional DCS requires high light power, limiting its application in low-light scenarios.
  • Probing complex optical spectra in low-light conditions is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt dual-comb spectroscopy for ultra-low light power levels.
  • To demonstrate high-resolution spectral analysis with single-photon detection.
  • To explore new applications for DCS in photon-starved environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a single photon-counting detector.
  • Employed two mode-locked femtosecond lasers with slightly different repetition frequencies.
  • Operated at light power levels a billion times weaker than conventional methods.

Main Results:

  • Observed interferences in photon counting statistics.
  • Successfully performed high-resolution spectroscopy with extremely weak light.
  • Maintained the advantages of DCS, including multiplex acquisition and frequency calibration.

Conclusions:

  • Dual-comb spectroscopy is feasible at single-photon levels.
  • This technique expands the applicability of DCS to weak light sources and long-distance measurements.
  • Potential applications include fluorescence spectroscopy of single atoms/molecules and extreme ultraviolet/soft X-ray spectroscopy.