Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

37.1K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
37.1K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

7.6K
7.6K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

13.1K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
13.1K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.2K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.2K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

13.1K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
13.1K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.5K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Escorting mRNAs - the multifunctional and divergent roles of cap-chaperones in post-transcriptional gene expression.

Journal of cell science·2026
Same author

eIF4E and Ezrin cooperate in pseudopods to drive a localized migratory translation program in acute myeloid leukemia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A Chemical-Genetic Interaction Matrix Reveals Drug Mechanism and Genetic Architecture.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Posttranscriptional activity of eIF4E contributes to HoxA9-driven leukemogenesis.

Blood neoplasia·2025
Same author

RNMT-dependent RNA cap methylation in health and disease.

The Biochemical journal·2025
Same author

Nuclear RNA cap-chaperones eIF4E and NCBP2 govern distinct fates for 1000s of mRNAs uncovering an unexpected regulatory point in gene expression.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

3.3K

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E elevates steady-state m7G capping of coding and noncoding

Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic1, Lucy Skrabanek2, Maria V Revuelta3

  • 1Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) drives RNA capping efficiency for numerous coding and noncoding RNAs. This protein also associates with noncoding RNAs, influencing their activities and impacting cell functions.

Keywords:
RNA cappingRNMTeIF4Emethyl-7-guanosine cap

More Related Videos

Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions
10:40

Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions

Published on: December 28, 2016

8.1K
Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

3.3K
Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions
10:40

Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions

Published on: December 28, 2016

8.1K
Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Methyl-7-guanosine (m7G) capping is essential for RNA maturation and function.
  • The role of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in regulating the broader landscape of RNA capping is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of eIF4E in regulating the capping efficiency of both coding and noncoding RNAs.
  • To develop novel methods for quantifying RNA capping status.
  • To explore the association of eIF4E with noncoding RNAs and its functional implications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of enzymatic (CapQ) and quantitative cap immunoprecipitation (CapIP) methods for RNA cap quantification.
  • Analysis of capping efficiency across diverse RNA populations.
  • Investigation of eIF4E's physical association with noncoding RNAs in the nucleus.

Main Results:

  • eIF4E overexpression significantly increases capping efficiency for approximately 100 coding and noncoding RNAs.
  • Many RNA populations exhibit inefficient capping (30-50%) at steady state, which is enhanced by eIF4E.
  • eIF4E physically associates with noncoding RNAs, with roughly half of its identified capping targets being noncoding.
  • Discovery of a cap sensitivity element (CapSE) conferring eIF4E-dependent capping.
  • Elevated capping of specific RNAs observed in high-eIF4E leukemia specimens.

Conclusions:

  • eIF4E plays a critical role in regulating the capping status of a wide range of RNAs, extending beyond its known role in translation.
  • eIF4E's interaction with noncoding RNAs suggests novel regulatory functions.
  • RNA capping dysregulation, influenced by eIF4E, may contribute to malignancy.