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Infrared neuromodulation:a neuroengineering perspective.

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Infrared neuromodulation (INM) uses targeted heating to control nerve cell activity. This review explores INM

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Infrared neuromodulation (INM) is a photobiomodulation technique.
  • It controls cellular activity via localized tissue heating.
  • Research in INM has grown over the past 15 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent applications and knowledge of INM's cellular effects.
  • To provide an overview of technical approaches for INM.
  • To detail micro- and nanoengineered interfaces for INM research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental studies on INM.
  • Analysis of biophysical mechanisms of INM.
  • Description of engineered interfaces for infrared stimulation and optical interrogation.

Main Results:

  • INM demonstrates safe and reproducible neuronal excitation and inhibition in vitro and in vivo.
  • The precise biophysical mechanisms of INM require further investigation.
  • Various engineered interfaces facilitate INM in the peripheral and central nervous systems.

Conclusions:

  • INM is a promising tool for neuroscience research and potential therapeutic applications.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate INM's mechanisms.
  • Engineered interfaces are crucial for advancing INM technology.