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A Microfluidic Chip for ICPMS Sample Introduction
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Microfluidic characterization of macromolecular liquid-liquid phase separation.

Anne Bremer1, Tanja Mittag1, Michael Heymann2

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA. tanja.mittag@stjude.org.

Lab on a Chip
|October 15, 2020
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Summary

A new microfluidic phase chip dramatically reduces the amount of biomolecules needed to study liquid-liquid phase separation, enabling faster and more accurate cell biology research.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is crucial for cellular compartmentalization.
  • Understanding LLPS in biomacromolecules requires quantitative phase behavior analysis.
  • Current methods demand large biomolecule quantities, hindering research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a microfluidic device for efficient and accurate measurement of biomolecular phase behavior.
  • To overcome the limitations of sample quantity and experimental throughput in LLPS studies.

Main Methods:

  • A microfluidic phase chip with multiple sample chambers was designed.
  • Analyte concentration is achieved through controlled water evaporation replaced by oil.
  • Phase separation into dilute and dense phases is induced and measured.

Main Results:

  • The phase chip reduces sample requirements by 98% and improves statistical accuracy six-fold.
  • Measurements of saturation concentrations align with previously reported data for various biomolecules.
  • The chip allows real-time monitoring of dense phase morphology and off-pathway processes like aggregation.

Conclusions:

  • The microfluidic phase chip facilitates high-throughput determination of saturation concentrations.
  • This technology enables exploration of sequence-to-binodal relationships at reduced biomolecule cost.
  • It significantly advances the study of biomolecular phase separation and its cellular roles.