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Phylomitogenomics provides new perspectives on the Euphasmatodea radiation (Insecta: Phasmatodea).

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Stick insect (Phasmatodea) evolution reveals ancient origins for Euphasmatodea, diversifying around 187 million years ago. This diversification may have been influenced by major geological events like Pangea’s breakup.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • The suborder Euphasmatodea accounts for most Phasmatodea species diversity.
  • Euphasmatodea has a pantropical distribution and is thought to have undergone recent, rapid evolutionary radiation.
  • Understanding Euphasmatodea origins is crucial for insect evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origins and diversification of Euphasmatodea.
  • To reconstruct a robust phylogenetic framework for Euphasmatodea using mitogenomic data.
  • To estimate divergence times and explore potential drivers of Euphasmatodea diversification.

Main Methods:

  • Assembled mitogenomes from transcriptomic data for 17 Euphasmatodea species.
  • Analyzed these mitogenomes alongside existing Phasmatodea and broader Polyneoptera mitogenomes.
  • Employed Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference for phylogenetic analyses and divergence time estimation using fossil data.

Main Results:

  • Phylogenetic analyses revealed conflicts with traditional systematics.
  • Divergence time analysis suggests Euphasmatodea diversification began approximately 187 million years ago.
  • The Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction and Pangea breakup are potential contributing factors to diversification.

Conclusions:

  • Euphasmatodea diversification is older than previously hypothesized.
  • Geological events likely played a significant role in shaping Euphasmatodea evolution.
  • Further investigation into mitogenomic patterns can elucidate selective pressures driving Euphasmatodea evolution.