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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Deciphering the Long-Term Effects of Low-Level Blast Exposures in Mice
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Author Spotlight: Deciphering the Long-Term Effects of Low-Level Blast Exposures in Mice

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Explosive-driven double-blast exposure: molecular, histopathological, and behavioral consequences.

Erin K Murphy1,2,3,4, Diego Iacono5,6,7,8,9, Hongna Pan2,3,10

  • 1DoD/USU Brain Tissue Repository and Neuropathology Core, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, MD, USA.

Scientific Reports
|October 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

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Neuropathological and Behavioral Effects of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury at High Altitude.

Journal of neurotrauma·2026

Explosive blasts caused molecular changes, including increased phosphorylated-Tau (pTau) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in rat brains. These blast-induced changes occurred without observable neurobehavioral or histopathological alterations two weeks post-exposure.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) from explosive blasts can lead to lasting neurological and psychiatric issues.
  • Early molecular changes following blast exposure may precede clinical manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate molecular, histopathological, and behavioral outcomes in rats two weeks after a double-blast TBI.
  • To identify specific protein alterations and their regional distribution in the brain post-blast.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were exposed to two 30-psi blasts 24 hours apart or sham-exposed.
  • Behavioral assessments were conducted over two weeks.
  • Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze protein levels (total-Tau, pTau, APP, GFAP, Iba1, αII-spectrin, SBDP) in brain regions.

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Main Results:

  • Increased levels of phosphorylated-Tau (pTau) were observed in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem.
  • Increased amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels were found in the cerebellum.
  • No significant changes were detected in GFAP, Iba1, αII-spectrin, SBDP, or in neurobehavioral and histopathological assessments.

Conclusions:

  • Blast exposure induced specific molecular changes (pTau, APP) in distinct brain regions without immediate behavioral or histopathological deficits.
  • These findings suggest that molecular alterations may occur before the onset of neurological or psychiatric disorders following blast-induced TBI.
  • The dissociation between molecular changes and behavioral outcomes highlights the complexity of blast TBI and its potential for subclinical pathology.