Current concepts in atherosclerosis

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Immunology
• Metabolic Disease

Background:

• Atherosclerosis is a complex disease driven by lipoprotein retention and inflammatory cells.
• Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) is a known cause, with monocytes and foam cells linked to disease progression.
• Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is increasingly recognized for its role in plaque inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, incorporating novel insights.
• To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis management.
• To highlight the interplay between lipids, inflammation, and PVAT in atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
• Analysis of emerging data on PVAT and inflammation.
• Evaluation of novel anti-atherosclerotic therapies.

Main Results:

• Lipoprotein retention and inflammation are central to atherosclerosis.
• PVAT influences atherosclerotic plaque inflammatory status.
• Novel therapies like PCSK-9 inhibitors and IL-1ß antibodies demonstrate efficacy.

Conclusions:

• Understanding atherosclerosis requires integrating lipid, inflammatory, and novel factors like PVAT.
• Targeting both lipid retention and inflammation is crucial for effective treatment.
• Emerging therapies offer new hope for managing cardiovascular events in atherosclerosis patients.