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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

117
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
117
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

212
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
212
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

218
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
218
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

200
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
200
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

157
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
157
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

146
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
146

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Related Experiment Video

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Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans
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Mitral annular calcification: challenges and future perspectives.

Mathias Van Hemelrijck1, Maurizio Taramasso1, Gökhan Gülmez1

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland.

Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|October 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) involves calcium buildup on heart structures, complicating treatments and increasing risks. This review explores current challenges, surgical options, and emerging transcatheter mitral valve implantation alternatives for managing MAC.

Keywords:
Mitral annular calcificationMitral valveTranscatheter

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a degenerative process affecting the mitral valve's support structure.
  • MAC often coexists with other cardiac conditions, complicating management and increasing patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Optimal treatment strategies for mitral valve disease in the presence of MAC remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of mitral annular calcification (MAC).
  • To highlight the current challenges associated with MAC diagnosis and treatment.
  • To review existing and emerging therapeutic alternatives for MAC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on mitral annular calcification.
  • Analysis of surgical and transcatheter treatment options for mitral valve disease in patients with MAC.
  • Discussion of the implications of MAC on cardiac pathology and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • MAC presents significant challenges in surgical mitral valve interventions.
  • Conventional surgical approaches for mitral valve disease may be hindered by MAC.
  • Transcatheter mitral valve implantation is emerging as a viable alternative to surgery for select patients with MAC.

Conclusions:

  • Mitral annular calcification is a complex condition requiring careful consideration in treatment planning.
  • A range of treatment options, from conventional surgery to transcatheter interventions, are available for mitral valve disease with MAC.
  • Further research is needed to refine treatment strategies and improve outcomes for patients with MAC.