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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

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In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
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Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals
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Unfolding COVID-19: Lessons-in-Learning in Ophthalmology.

Ranju Kharel Sitaula1, Anadi Khatri2, M K Janani3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)
|October 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocular manifestations like conjunctivitis can be an early sign of COVID-19, potentially spreading SARS-CoV-2 through eye secretions. Vigilance and protective eye measures are crucial for eye care professionals and the public.

Keywords:
2019-nCOVACE2 receptorCOVID-19 infectionSARS-CoV-2conjunctivacoronavirusocularophthalmic

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Ocular manifestations may be an initial presenting feature of COVID-19.
  • The potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission through ocular secretions requires further investigation.
  • Understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated conjunctivitis is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of literature on ocular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To identify gaps in current knowledge regarding COVID-19 and eye involvement.
  • To propose a hypothesis on the etiopathogenesis of ocular involvement based on ACE2 receptor expression.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of English language articles (December 2019 - April 2020).
  • Inclusion of published and unpublished SARS-CoV-2 related research.
  • Summarization of findings using text, tables, diagrams, and flowcharts.

Main Results:

  • Follicular conjunctivitis is the most common ocular manifestation of SARS-CoV-2.
  • SARS-CoV-2 can infect ocular secretions, with positive RT-PCR results in some cases.
  • The ocular surface may act as an entry point for the virus, facilitating respiratory system infection via the lacrimal pathway.
  • ACE2 receptor expression on the ocular surface is linked to conjunctivitis pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Conjunctivitis, though often mild and potentially unnoticed, can be a presenting symptom of COVID-19.
  • The ocular surface may serve as a viral entry gateway, and ocular secretions can contribute to virus shedding.
  • Eye care professionals and the public should exercise increased vigilance and implement protective eye measures against SARS-CoV-2.