The Advances of Ceria Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications in Orthopaedics

The ongoing biomedical nanotechnology has intrigued increasingly intense interests in cerium oxide nanoparticles, ceria nanoparticles or nano-ceria (CeO₂-NPs). Their remarkable vacancy-oxygen defect (VO) facilitates the redox process and catalytic activity. The verification has illustrated that CeO₂-NPs, a nanozyme based on inorganic nanoparticles, can achieve the anti-inflammatory effect, cancer resistance, and angiogenesis. Also, they can well complement other materials in tissue engineering (TE). Pertinent to the properties of CeO₂-NPs and the pragmatic biosynthesis methods, this review will emphasize the recent application of CeO₂-NPs to orthopedic biomedicine, in particular, the bone tissue engineering (BTE). The presentation, assessment, and outlook of the orthopedic potential and shortcomings of CeO₂-NPs in this review expect to provide reference values for the future research and development of therapeutic agents based on CeO₂-NPs.