Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

1.3K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
1.3K
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

740
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
740
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

743
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
743
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

646
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
646
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

633
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
633
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

6.2K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
6.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Therapeutic Potential of Dual NMR (NOP/MOP) Agonism in Pain Management.

Pain and therapy·2025
Same author

Reducing Pain and Improving Mobility Using Haptic Patch Technology: Results of the RESTORE Study.

Pain and therapy·2025
Same author

Decreased anxiety through haptic technology patch usage: A case-control comparison.

Journal of family medicine and primary care·2025
Same author

Multimodal Therapies for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: The Role of Lidocaine Patches in Combination Therapy: A Narrative Review.

Pain and therapy·2025
Same author

Piezo Ion Channels and Their Association With Haptic Technology Use: A Narrative Review.

Cureus·2025
Same author

Review of Opioid Abuse-Deterrent Formulations: Impact and Barriers to Access.

Journal of pain research·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
09:38

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Published on: April 14, 2016

13.0K

Characteristics of Analgesic Patch Formulations.

Srinivas Nalamachu1,2, Jeffrey Gudin3,4

  • 1Mid America PolyClinic, Overland Park, KS, USA.

Journal of Pain Research
|October 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transdermal analgesic patches offer improved patient compliance and stable plasma levels compared to oral options. Newer patch technologies focus on enhanced adhesion and drug delivery for better efficacy and safety.

Keywords:
capsaicinlidocainepatch adhesiontopicaltransdermal

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Enhanced Method for Evaluating Analgesic Effects — Dual Hind Paw Carrageenan Injection in Mice
06:54

Author Spotlight: Enhanced Method for Evaluating Analgesic Effects — Dual Hind Paw Carrageenan Injection in Mice

Published on: November 15, 2024

2.3K
Determining heat and mechanical pain threshold in inflamed skin of human subjects
13:21

Determining heat and mechanical pain threshold in inflamed skin of human subjects

Published on: January 14, 2009

21.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
09:38

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Published on: April 14, 2016

13.0K
Author Spotlight: Enhanced Method for Evaluating Analgesic Effects — Dual Hind Paw Carrageenan Injection in Mice
06:54

Author Spotlight: Enhanced Method for Evaluating Analgesic Effects — Dual Hind Paw Carrageenan Injection in Mice

Published on: November 15, 2024

2.3K
Determining heat and mechanical pain threshold in inflamed skin of human subjects
13:21

Determining heat and mechanical pain threshold in inflamed skin of human subjects

Published on: January 14, 2009

21.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Dermatology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • The skin serves as an effective route for both local (topical) and systemic (transdermal) drug delivery.
  • Transdermal and topical patches provide advantages over oral analgesics, including enhanced patient compliance and sustained plasma levels.
  • Key factors influencing patch performance include materials, enhancers, and skin adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current topical and transdermal analgesic patch formulations.
  • To highlight advancements in patch technologies for improved adhesion and compliance.
  • To guide clinicians in selecting appropriate analgesic patch therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing transdermal and topical analgesic patch systems.
  • Analysis of various patch technologies, materials, and enhancers.
  • Evaluation of adhesion, efficacy, and safety considerations for patch formulations.

Main Results:

  • Various analgesics, including local anesthetics, capsaicin, NSAIDs, and opioids, are available in patch formulations.
  • Patch performance is significantly influenced by formulation, materials, enhancers, and skin adherence.
  • Poor adhesion can lead to therapeutic failure, increased costs, and safety risks.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the design, benefits, and limitations of analgesic patch systems is crucial for effective clinical application.
  • Newer patch technologies aim to improve adhesion, compliance, and overall therapeutic outcomes.
  • Optimized patch systems enhance drug delivery for both local and systemic analgesic effects.