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Updated: Dec 5, 2025
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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
Published on: December 17, 2010
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Managing Ipilimumab-Induced Hypophysitis: Challenges and Current Therapeutic Strategies
Marina Tsoli1, Gregory Kaltsas1, Anna Angelousi2
1First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Cancer Management and Research
|October 16, 2020
Summary
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like ipilimumab can cause hypophysitis, a common endocrine side effect. Understanding its mechanisms and improving patient management are crucial for cancer immunotherapy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Cancer immunotherapy has advanced with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
- Ipilimumab, an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody, treats advanced melanoma but causes endocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
- Hypophysitis is the most frequent endocrine irAE, occurring in 1.8%–17% of patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis.
- To highlight the need for further research into ICI-related hypophysitis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis.
- Analysis of clinical, biochemical, and imaging diagnostic data.
- Discussion of treatment strategies including hormone replacement and glucocorticoids.
Main Results:
- Hypophysitis is a common irAE of ipilimumab, often leading to multiple hormone deficiencies.
- Corticotroph deficiency is frequently permanent.
- Diagnosis relies on clinical, biochemical, and imaging findings.
Conclusions:
- The precise pathophysiology of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis requires further elucidation.
- Identifying predictive factors and optimizing management are essential for improving patient outcomes.
- Further clinical trials and investigations are necessary.
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