Idiopathic Primary Hypoparathyroidism Presenting as Focal Seizures in a Neonate: A Rare Occurrence

Focal seizures in neonates presenting to the emergency department can be potentially dangerous and life-threatening. Hypoparathyroidism is an exceedingly rare but treatable cause of focal neonatal seizures. Due to its weak association with neonatal seizures, hypoparathyroidism often remains undetected as a potential cause. We hereby elucidate a rare case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism presenting as right-sided focal seizures in a 12-day-old female neonate with an uneventful birth history. Despite the administration of antibiotics and phenobarbitone, the seizures remained unabated. Laboratory workup revealed the diagnosis of late-onset hypocalcemia with severe hypoparathyroidism. The patient was subsequently treated with calcium supplements and alfacalcidol. Thereafter, the frequency of seizures gradually decreased and the same treatment regimen was continued until the patient was seizure-free. The patient continues to do well to date with complete remission of his clinical symptoms.