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Eosinopenia in Patients With Typhoid Fever: A Case-Control Study.

Uzma Ishaq1, Jahanzeb Malik2, Maliha Asif3

  • 1Hematology and Medical Oncology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK.

Cureus
|October 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Eosinopenia, a decrease in eosinophils, is strongly associated with typhoid fever in Pakistan. This finding may help in early diagnosis and treatment initiation for this prevalent infectious disease.

Keywords:
eosinopenialeukopeniasalmonella typhityphoid fever

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi, is a major public health concern in Southeast Asia.
  • Diagnostic challenges in developing countries necessitate simpler diagnostic markers.
  • Eosinopenia and leukopenia are potential indicators requiring further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between eosinopenia and culture or serology-proven typhoid fever.
  • To assess the link between leukopenia and confirmed typhoid fever.
  • To identify independent predictors of eosinopenia in typhoid fever patients.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital, Pakistan.
  • Included patients with typhoid fever symptoms, confirmed by culture or serology.
  • Excluded patients with malaria or dengue hemorrhagic fever; leukocyte counts were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Out of 200 participants, 59 with typhoid fever exhibited eosinopenia.
  • 29 typhoid fever patients (culture/serology positive) presented with leukopenia.
  • Eosinopenia (OR: 9.60) and leukopenia (OR: 20.00) were significantly more likely in typhoid patients.

Conclusions:

  • Eosinopenia and leukopenia are strongly associated with culture or serology-proven typhoid fever.
  • Independent predictors of eosinopenia include positive DOT EIA, positive Salmonella typhi culture, and leukopenia.
  • Eosinopenia may serve as an efficient early indicator for initiating typhoid fever treatment.