Complement system network in cell physiology and in human diseases

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Pathophysiology
• Genetics

Background:

• The complement system is a critical component of innate immunity, defending against pathogens via three pathways.
• Dysfunction, including deficiency or overactivation, leads to severe infections and autoimmune disorders, which can be inherited or acquired.
• Despite available diagnostic tools, complement-related diseases are often underdiagnosed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated overview of complement system pathophysiology.
• To discuss the clinical implications of complement system dysfunction.
• To summarize current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for complement-mediated diseases.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on complement system function, dysfunction, and related diseases.
• Analysis of traditional and innovative diagnostic techniques (e.g., hemolytic assays, ELISA, next-generation sequencing).
• Examination of current therapeutic approaches, including targeted drug strategies.

Main Results:

• Complement system impairment is linked to significant health issues, including severe infections and autoimmune conditions.
• A gap exists between available diagnostic technologies and their clinical recognition of these diseases.
• Targeted drug therapies are increasingly utilized for managing complement-related disorders.

Conclusions:

• Understanding complement pathophysiology is vital for recognizing and managing associated diseases.
• Improved diagnostic approaches are needed to enhance the recognition of complement deficiencies and dysregulation.
• Targeted therapies represent a significant advancement in treating complement-mediated conditions.