Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

8.4K

High-grade vesicoureteral reflux in infants: Our experience with endoscopic subureteric injections

Saeed Al Hindi1, Mohamed Mubarak1, Husain Al Aradi1

  • 1Department Surgery, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.

Urologia
|October 16, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Endoscopic injection of Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid Copolymer (Deflux) effectively treats high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in infants. This minimally invasive approach resolves VUR in 90% of cases, avoiding open surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Urological Anomalies

Background:

  • Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common pediatric urological anomaly.
  • Management options include continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP), endoscopic injection, and open surgery.
  • This study evaluates Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid Copolymer (Deflux) for primary high-grade VUR in infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of endoscopic subureteric injection of Deflux in managing primary high-grade VUR in infants.
  • To determine the success rate of Deflux in resolving VUR in pediatric patients.
  • To evaluate Deflux as a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery for VUR.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study of infants under 1-year-old with primary high-grade VUR (2010-2015).
  • Diagnosis confirmed by voiding cystourethrography (VCUG).
  • Patients received endoscopic subureteric injections of Deflux, with pre- and post-intervention assessments.

Main Results:

  • 30 infants (50 renal units) with high-grade VUR (grades IV-V) were included.
  • 90% of patients achieved complete symptomatic relief post-operatively.
  • 90% success rate with one or two Deflux injections; no patients required open surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Endoscopic Deflux injection is an effective, minimally invasive treatment for high-grade VUR (IV-V) in infants.
  • Deflux offers a successful alternative to open surgery for pediatric VUR.
  • This technique provides a high success rate for resolving VUR in young children.
Abstract

Keywords:
Vesicoureteral refluxdefluxhydronephrosismedical conditionsrefluxsubureteric injections

More Related Videos

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

11.8K
Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

16.0K

Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
660
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
617
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
1.3K
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
154
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
294
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
190