Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

150
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
150
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

338
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
338
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

369
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
369
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

209
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
209
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

200
 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
200
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

548
Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
548

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Benefits and Harms of Antenatal/Intrapartum Screening for Maternal Group B Streptococcus and Use of Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis Versus Risk-Based Protocols or No Intervention: A Rapid Review.

Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)·2026
Same author

The effects of exercise on secondary prevention and health-related quality of life in people with existing vascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

EClinicalMedicine·2025
Same author

Recent research in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an evidence map.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)·2025
Same author

How valid is a prescription-based multimorbidity index (Rx-risk) in predicting mortality in the Outcomes and Multimorbidity In Type 2 diabetes (OMIT) study? A nation-wide registry-based cohort study from Norway.

BMJ open·2024
Same author

Role of hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1<i>α</i> in heart valves.

Global cardiology science & practice·2023
Same author

Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2023
Same journal

Interventions to prevent or cease electronic cigarette use in children and adolescents.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same journal

Drugs to improve anaemia, quality of life, and physical function in people with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same journal

Interventions for smoking cessation in inpatient psychiatry settings.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same journal

Mechanical thromboprophylaxis for preventing intradialytic hypotension in people undergoing maintenance haemodialysis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same journal

Prognostic models for predicting intensive care unit admission or mortality in critically ill adults not yet been admitted to the intensive care unit.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same journal

Views and experiences of weight management for people living with mobility‑limiting conditions, intellectual disabilities or severe mental illness: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
14:52

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication

Published on: December 11, 2013

11.8K

Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication.

Cathryn Broderick1, Rachel Forster1, Mohammed Abdel-Hadi2

  • 1Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pentoxifylline may offer a slight improvement in walking distance for intermittent claudication (IC) patients, but evidence remains limited. Further research is needed to confirm its benefits and role in managing peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

More Related Videos

Osmotic Drug Delivery to Ischemic Hindlimbs and Perfusion of Vasculature with Microfil for Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging
10:50

Osmotic Drug Delivery to Ischemic Hindlimbs and Perfusion of Vasculature with Microfil for Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging

Published on: June 29, 2013

12.6K
Reduction of Radiation Exposure during Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease Combining Fiber Optic RealShape Technology and Intravascular Ultrasound
13:48

Reduction of Radiation Exposure during Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease Combining Fiber Optic RealShape Technology and Intravascular Ultrasound

Published on: April 21, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
14:52

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication

Published on: December 11, 2013

11.8K
Osmotic Drug Delivery to Ischemic Hindlimbs and Perfusion of Vasculature with Microfil for Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging
10:50

Osmotic Drug Delivery to Ischemic Hindlimbs and Perfusion of Vasculature with Microfil for Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging

Published on: June 29, 2013

12.6K
Reduction of Radiation Exposure during Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease Combining Fiber Optic RealShape Technology and Intravascular Ultrasound
13:48

Reduction of Radiation Exposure during Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease Combining Fiber Optic RealShape Technology and Intravascular Ultrasound

Published on: April 21, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Intermittent claudication (IC) is a symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), linked to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Pentoxifylline is a drug used to treat IC by improving blood flow and tissue oxygenation.
  • Previous studies on pentoxifylline's efficacy in PAD have yielded variable results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of pentoxifylline in enhancing walking capacity for individuals with stable intermittent claudication (Fontaine stage II).
  • To assess improvements in pain-free walking distance (PFWD) and total walking distance (TWD).

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and update of double-blind, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pentoxifylline with placebo or other pharmacological interventions.
  • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane Vascular, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and clinical trial registries up to January 2020.
  • Assessed study quality using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool and GRADE criteria; data on PFWD, TWD, ABI, QoL, and side effects were collected.

Main Results:

  • The review included 24 studies with 3377 participants; 17 compared pentoxifylline to placebo.
  • Low-certainty evidence suggests pentoxifylline may improve PFWD and TWD compared to placebo, with wide-ranging percentage improvements.
  • No significant difference was found in ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) or quality of life (QoL) between groups; pentoxifylline was generally well-tolerated with gastrointestinal side effects reported.

Conclusions:

  • High-certainty evidence for pentoxifylline's effects in IC is lacking.
  • The role of pentoxifylline for IC Fontaine class II remains uncertain due to significant heterogeneity and low to moderate certainty of evidence.
  • Pentoxifylline demonstrated potential benefits in walking distance but not in ABI or QoL, with generally good tolerability.