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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
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Dynamical Phase Transitions in Dissipative Quantum Dynamics with Quantum Optical Realization.

Valentin Link1, Walter T Strunz1

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.

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|October 16, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores dynamical phase transitions (DPT) in driven, damped quantum systems like the Dicke model. These transitions occur without fine-tuning and can be measured in cavity-QED experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • The Dicke model describes collective light-matter interactions.
  • Driven and damped systems introduce dissipation, complicating quantum dynamics.
  • Dynamical phase transitions (DPT) are non-equilibrium phenomena in quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate DPTs in a driven and damped Dicke model.
  • Analyze the role of dissipation in DPTs.
  • Propose a method for experimentally measuring DPTs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing path integral methods for asymptotic evaluation.
  • Focusing on the "bad cavity" limit for analytical tractability.
  • Connecting DPTs to classical stochastic processes via large deviation theory.

Main Results:

  • DPTs are shown to occur in dissipative systems without fine-tuning.
  • An exact path integral representation of overlaps is derived.
  • The DPTs are linked to the minimization of an action function.

Conclusions:

  • Dissipative quantum systems can exhibit DPTs.
  • Path integral and large deviation theories provide insights into these transitions.
  • A practical measurement scheme for DPTs in cavity-QED is proposed.