Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Acknowledgment and gratitude for Professor Alvin Fox (Editor-in-Chief, 1996-2013).

Journal of microbiological methods·2014

Same journal

A viral ORFeome library for systems-level genetic dissection of host-pathogen interactions.

Cell·2026

Same journal

Co-option of lysosomal machinery shapes the evolution of the intracellular photosymbiosis supporting coral reefs.

Cell·2026

Same journal

LEF1 and niche factors determine T cell stemness across chronic diseases.

Cell·2026

Same journal

Recurrent patterns of TOP1-mediated neuronal genomic damage shared by major neurodegenerative disorders.

Cell·2026

Same journal

Four-dimensional molecular mapping from a spatial snapshot reveals the dynamics of hair follicle organogenesis.

Cell·2026

Same journal

Whole-cell particle-based digital twin simulations from 4D lattice light-sheet microscopy data.

Cell·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Timeline: HIV.

Sheba Agarwal-Jans¹

¹Scientific Editor, iScience.

|October 16, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This timeline details the history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), the cause of AIDS. Despite no cure or vaccine, significant progress has transformed HIV-1 from a death sentence to a manageable condition.

More Related Videos

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection

A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection

Published on: January 21, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection

A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection

Published on: January 21, 2021

Area of Science:

Virology
Epidemiology
Immunology

Background:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) is a lentivirus responsible for the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pandemic.
The history of HIV-1 spans from its initial identification to ongoing research for treatments and a potential cure.

Observation:

Landmark papers by Gallo, Essex, and Montagnier identified HIV-1.
Numerous drug and vaccine trials have been conducted over three decades.
A cure and vaccine for HIV-1 remain elusive.

Findings:

Significant advancements in managing HIV-1 have been achieved in approximately 30 years.
Individuals with HIV-1 are now living normal lives, a stark contrast to past outcomes.

Implications:

The progress in HIV-1 treatment highlights the rapid advancements in medical science.
Continued research is crucial for developing a definitive cure and preventive vaccine for HIV-1.