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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes
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Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes

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The epitranscriptome in stem cell biology and neural development.

Caroline Vissers1, Aniketa Sinha2, Guo-Li Ming3

  • 1Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Neurobiology of Disease
|October 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epitranscriptomics, the study of RNA modifications like N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A), impacts stem cell biology and neurobiology. This review clarifies conflicting findings on RNA modifications in stem cell pluripotency and neural development.

Keywords:
Brain developmentBrain disordersEpitranscriptomeStem cellsm(6)A

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Area of Science:

  • Epitranscriptomics and molecular biology.
  • Focus on RNA modifications and their biological significance.

Background:

  • Chemical modifications on RNA, such as N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A), pseudouridine (Ψ), and others, significantly influence biological processes.
  • The epitranscriptome is increasingly recognized for its roles in stem cell biology and neurobiology, particularly m⁶A in brain development and disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current knowledge on various RNA modifications.
  • To clarify conflicting findings regarding the epitranscriptomic regulation of stem cell pluripotency and neural development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epitranscriptomics.
  • Analysis of studies on RNA modifications in stem cell biology and neurobiology.

Main Results:

  • RNA modifications, including m⁶A, m⁶A m, m¹A, m⁵C, and Ψ, can alter RNA processing, development, and disease.
  • m⁶A is abundant in the brain and crucial for embryonic stem cell differentiation, brain development, and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The epitranscriptome plays a critical role in stem cell pluripotency and neural development.
  • Further research is needed to resolve conflicting results and elucidate the precise mechanisms of epitranscriptomic regulation in these fields.